During general anesthesia, multiple anesthetic agents are administered to achieve loss of consciousness, muscle paralysis, and pain relief.
Analgesia refers to the prevention of pain or pain relief. Analgesic agents can be administered by different routes; e. Analgesic agents are of different strengths and usually selected based on the intensity of the pain.
Sometimes, multiple agents are administered when strong pain relief is required such as in major surgeries or injuries. Anesthesia: Anesthesia is used when strong pain relief, as well as, muscle relaxation is required, such as surgeries involving deeper tissues planes. Analgesia: Analgesia is used when only the pain relief is required, such as in post-surgical patients. Anesthesia: Anesthesia usually needs a special setting such as surgical theater and special instruments.
Anesthesia: Anesthesia needs the attention of specialized doctors anesthetists. Analgesia: Analgesia needs only the attention of doctors.
Anesthesia: Anesthesia may need patients to be connected to a ventilator. Analgesia: Analgesic does not need such manipulations. General anesthetics depress the central nervous system mainly through their effects on the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Typically, NSAIDs, aspirin, and paracetamol are used to treat mild to moderate pain arising from superficial structures such as the skin, bone, and joint.
These drugs share advantages in being nonprescription, safe, and easy to use. Recommendations for the use of more potent opioids are moderate to severe pain from deeper body parts. Both types of analgesics are used for acute pain that is tolerable. Local anesthesia is preferred for minor surgeries where the pain is tolerable, and the patient is calm.
Local anesthetic injections are used to cause analgesia in the painful muscles while a patient completes physical therapy. Long-acting local anesthetics are used to treat chronic muscle and nerve-related pain.
Peripheral neuropathies, such as meralgia paresthetica and occipital neuralgia , are typically treated with long-acting local anesthetics. General anesthesia is administered for surgeries that may interfere with vital cardiac, respiratory, and brain processes and involve the following areas:.
Also, the patient will need to be monitored postoperatively to ensure recovery from the effects of the anesthetic and normalization of body functions. The patient is usually advised not to drive or operate heavy machinery for at least 24 hours after receiving anesthesia. Traditional NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, opioids such as morphine, and other analgesics such as acetaminophen are the mainstay of acute and chronic pain management. Each of these drugs needs to be used cautiously in certain subgroups of patients.
General anesthetics are rarely administered as sole agents for complex operative procedures. Local and regional anesthesia can be used as an alternative or in addition to conventional pain control during and after surgery and the immediate period after childbirth. Analgesic opioids given as regional analgesia and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia PCA have demonstrated effective control of postoperative pain.
Epidural analgesia can also be used as the sole anesthetic agent for surgeries and can be used as the primary anesthetic for surgeries from the chest to the lower extremities. This site provides content for informational purposes only. The information provided is not intended for use as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. In case of a medical concern or emergency, please consult your healthcare provider. Office of Animal Care and Use.
These guidelines updated in discuss the ethical and legal responsibility of personnel involved with the use of animals in research to reduce or eliminate pain and distress in research animals.
It also provides ways to both recognize pain and distress in research animals, as well as, intervene when pain and distress is observed in research animals. Newcastle University. This 3rd edition book published in provides information on best practices in various aspects of laboratory animal anaesthesia.
Some topics include techniques, equipment, and some basic guidelines for handling different species. Veterinary anesthesia continues to evolve as a science and specialty within the veterinary profession.
This book published in discusses some of the most current best practices in anesthesia, analgesia, and pain management. These guidelines provide a framework for the safe delivery of anesthesia as a continuum to dogs and cats. In this paper, VIN discusses approaches to anesthesia, sedation and analgesia in wild vs.
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