Contact with these warts does not seem to cause genital HPV warts. Infection with high-risk HPV hrHPV types that are not cleared by the immune system can cause cervical cancers and a significant proportion of cancers of the anus, oropharynx, vagina, vulva and penis. HPV cancers take many years to develop. The 14 most cancer-causing HPV types include types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and However, not all infections with HPV 16 or 18 do progress to cancer.
In addition, HPV 16 is strongly associated with anal cancer and throat cancer. Current research indicates that high-risk HPV changes the host human cell but its growth needs additional triggers to cause cancer.
Most HPV infections are transient and thought to clear naturally before they cause any health problems. HPV Strains. In fact, most sexually active people contract HPV at some point in their lives. The virus spreads easily through skin-to-skin sexual contact.
More than 90 percent of all new HPV infections go away or become undetectable within two years, even without treatment. Yet some HPV infections can stay in the body and lead to complications, including genital warts. These warts may be small or large, flat or raised; they may emerge singly or in a cluster and be cauliflower-shaped. HPV infection may also cause more serious conditions, such as certain types of cancer.
A person can be infected with more than one HPV strain at a time. Strains are identified by number and fall into either of the following two categories.
These strains have no association with cancer but can lead to genital warts. In addition to the vulva and the penis, warts may appear on the cervix or vagina in women, the scrotum in men, or in and around the anus in men or women. It can also cause cancer in the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils called oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer often takes years, even decades, to develop after a person gets HPV. There is no way to know which people who have HPV will develop cancer or other health problems.
They may also be more likely to develop health problems from HPV. Get vaccinated. The HPV vaccine is safe and effective. It can protect against diseases including cancers caused by HPV when given in the recommended age groups. Get screened for cervical cancer. Routine screening for women aged 21 to 65 years old can prevent cervical cancer. HPV vaccination is recommended at age 11 or 12 years or can start at age 9 years and for everyone through age 26 years, if not vaccinated already.
Vaccination is not recommended for everyone older than age 26 years. However, some adults age 27 through 45 years who are not already vaccinated may decide to get the HPV vaccine after speaking with their healthcare provider about their risk for new HPV infections and the possible benefits of vaccination.
HPV vaccination in this age range provides less benefit. Most sexually active adults have already been exposed to HPV, although not necessarily all of the HPV types targeted by vaccination.
At any age, having a new sex partner is a risk factor for getting a new HPV infection. People who are already in a long-term, mutually monogamous relationship are not likely to get a new HPV infection. There are HPV tests that can be used to screen for cervical cancer. These tests are only recommended for screening in women aged 30 years and older. HPV tests are not recommended to screen men, adolescents, or women under the age of 30 years.
Most people with HPV do not know they are infected and never develop symptoms or health problems from it. Some people find out they have HPV when they get genital warts.
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